The madman is an archetypical cultural character. We can find his everlasting presence in literature, and from the 20th century on, in cinema as well. Madmen incarnate the fluidity between the absurd/fantastic/poetic/mystic worlds and the logical/utilitarian/lawful ones. Julio Medem as a filmmaker has a constant concern over the conflicts of subjective imaginative realities and so, uses freely this madman archetype in his film Tierra (1996) to “create a cosmic fable of metaphysics and mundanity” (Smith, 146).
In Tierra Medem present a “madman” narrative in which a hyper imaginative man with split personality, Ángel (Carmelo Gómez), arrives at a nameless Euskadi town, a “spatial and temporal interzone” (148), to eradicate a beetle plague. After “falling to earth”, Ángel -who describes himself as a half-dead, half-alive man having a mystic experience with his own angel- craves for company, everyday simplicity and domestic bliss. He is searching to placate his cosmic anxieties and in Medem’s words: “accept human smallness, to hold tight to the earth”. A once mental patient, Ángel find partial solace in his fumigation job, but he’s soon in crisis when meeting two women that attract different aspects of his desire. Both, Angela (Emma Suarez) and Mari (Silke), ground and humanize him, but in contrasting ways: Angela by openly sharing her domestic life and Mari by feeding his carnal urges and escapist impulses.
The title “Tierra”, implies many things within the film, from the “red” wide landscape; the void beetle-full soil (representing the economic and moral instability of the town); Ángel’s earthy needs (to have a home; to fuck); to a possible mental space where he can resolve his duplicity. Paul Julian Smith reads the film title/theme as part of the post-nationalist debate, as an “allegory of a Basque nationalism brought down to earth” (152). Smith elaborates that Medem shows an abstract Basque region where the Earth-House-Family is dissolve “dislocating the links with which abstract nationalism so violently binds them together” (Ibid).
Certainly Medem is not interested in providing connections between insanity, politics and/or the repressions of the state apparatus as, for example, Terry Gillian. Ángel madman discourse (and final escape), allows Medem to precisely flee those nationalistic constraints and immerse into his own idiosyncratic cinematic territory.
miércoles, 22 de octubre de 2014
miércoles, 15 de octubre de 2014
Por qué mirar atrás: Ida (2013) de Pawel Pawlikowski
“La frase 'todo tiempo pasado fue mejor' no indica que antes sucedieran menos cosas malas, sino que -felizmente- la gente las echa en el olvido.”
― Ernesto Sabato, El túnel
Apenas a tres o cuatro lustros luego del cataclismo, el espectro de tiempos más extremos pulula los espacios e individuos de la Polonia de los sesenta que recrea el director Pawel Pawlikowski en Ida (2013), su filme más reciente. En el filme, Anna, una joven novicia que está próxima a tomar sus votos, emprenderá, junto a su tía Wanda, un periplo tanto físico como emocional, que irá desde el convento que la cobijaba hasta el descubrimiento de un trágico pasado que no sabía suyo. Wanda, quien funge como una respetada jueza del regimen gubernamental y cuya existencia la sobrina hasta el momento desconocía, sin aspavientos dejará caer el balde de agua fría sobre su sobrina: Anna no es católica de nacimiento, sino judía; su nombre de pila no es Anna, sino Ida; y su madre y padre fueron desaparecidos por la ocupación nazi.
A pesar del notición Anna no devela interés inicial por participar del viaje que orquesta la tía. En gran parte debido al estilo de vida aparentemente decadente que lleva ésta, el cual choca con la sobria parquedad de la joven devota. No obstante, el viaje (el choque), por la razón que sea, se da, y el resultado es una de las muestras más alucinantes del “road movie” que se haya dado en el cine recientemente.
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Más allá de las intenciones de la tía para con la investigación, la presencia impertérrita y pasiva de Anna -producto quizá de su desconocimiento del mundo “real”- irá revelando el fracaso subyacente a la lógica de venganza que en principio alimentaba tal empresa. Los efectos resultantes del (re)descubrimiento del trauma (el trágico fin de los padres de Anna/Ida y -¿por qué no?- el despertar sexual de Anna incitado por la tía) se manifestarán de maneras muy distintas en ambas “víctimas”. Esta polaridad que presenta a nivel socio-político Pawlikowski, sería digno de más detenimiento, pues propone distintas maneras para lidiar o no con cuco del pasado.
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Un gran acierto estético del filme es la preponderancia del espacio negativo en las composiciones cinematográficas que logran Pawlikowski y Ryszard Lenczewski, su director de cinematografía. En múltiples escenas los semblantes o cuerpos de los personajes ocuparán solo una esquina inferior del cuadro, dejando al descubierto el espacio que los rodea. Esta técnica, audaz y dinámica por demás, puede apreciarse en series británicas contemporáneas como Luther (2010) y Utopia (2013), pero su empleo en Ida logra un efecto muy diferente.
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miércoles, 8 de octubre de 2014
Meta-cinema in 2 Almodóvar Movies
It is now common to associate Pedro Almodóvar with the post-modern discourse in cinema especially regarding pastiche, pop imaginary, genre and gender playfulness, self- referential moments and meta-cinema. This last element has become one of the writer-director most recurrent trademarks. Almodóvar’s filmography, as complex as it is, could be also seen as a study on filmmaking. Beyond the many references to melodrama, film noir, Hitchcock’s thrillers, advertising, trashy TV, and exploitation movies, Almodóvar tends to recreates his own practice as a filmmaker via characters that work in the film industry. Even the way he portraits that referred gender fluidity, has to be seen in context of this self-referential cinematic frame.
In Mujeres al borde de un atáque de nervios (1988) and Átame (1990) for example, females characters are presented first as part of the “movie machinery” they belong. We learned from Pepa’s heartbreak when she is dubbing Joan Crawford in Johnny Guitar (1954) while listening to her colleague and former lover’s already recorded voice. On the other hand, Marina is introduced as an object of tumultuous desire to the male characters and the spectators, as she gets ready to shoot a complicated scene in the horror movie she is working on. Both Máximo, the director, and Ricky are obsessed with her too because of her career as a porno actress. The diegetic filmmaking process aides Almodóvar to develop narratives within narratives: in Mujeres, the Johnny Guitar dubbed dialogue is appropriated by the director and becomes an important symbolic exchange (absence/presence) to understand the back story, psychology, and ultimate dynamic of the former couple. Their love history is embedded within the discourse and sensibility of Nicholas Ray’s film. Likewise, the horror movie scene in Átame establishes Marina as a final girl or victim hero (Smith 115).
This common Álmodovar practice allows him to create- along with his actresses- a “cinematic artificial” female identity far from quotidian. Or in any case quotidian in reference to the supposedly drama infused life (neurosis; overwhelming passion; drug addiction; masochism) of cinema players. As Paul Julian Smith argues: “Almodóvar targets the cinematic mechanism… as the designing force of women: of their pleasure and pain.”
Reference
-Smith, Paul Julian. Desire Unlimited The Cinema of Pedro Almodóvar Verso. London/New York, 2014
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